Interleukin-38 is a newly discovered cytokine, a member of the interleukin-1 family, an important anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits macrophage production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor. -α (TNF-α) and the like, and participate in Th17 cell-mediated inflammatory response, playing an important role in the inflammatory response of infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. In addition, in respiratory diseases, it is also associated with the occurrence and development of bronchial asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung neoplastic diseases, providing new targets or research directions for clinical treatment and related research.