Alternative Name(s):

Calgranulin-BLeukocyte L1 complex heavy chain;Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14 ;MRP-14 ;p14S100 calcium-binding protein A9

Species: (Organism)

Mus musculus (Mouse)

Gene Names:

S100a9

Tag info:

N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO-tagged

Target Protein AA Sequence:

ANKAPSQMERSITTIIDTFHQYSRKEGHPDTLSKKEFRQMVEAQLATFMKKEKRNEALINDIMEDLDTNQDNQLSFEECMMLMAKLIFACHEKLHENNPRGHGHSHGKGCGK

Expression Region:

2-113aa

Subcellular Location:

Secreted, Cytoplasm, Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, Cell membrane, Peripheral membrane protein

Tissue Specificity:

Protein Length:

Full Length of Mature Protein

Pathway:

Mol. Weight:

28.9 kDa

Purity:

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Form:

Liquid or Lyophilized powder

Buffer:

If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.

Research Areas:

Others

Function:

S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include

Involvement in disease:

Relevance:

S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and Extracellular domain functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assbly at the cell mbrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assbly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The Extracellular domain functions involve proinfammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn2+ which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as GAPDH, NXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif .

Reconstitution:

We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20℃/-80℃. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.

Protein Families:

S-100 family

Reference:

Induction of nuclear factor-kappaB responses by the S100A9 protein is Toll-like receptor-4-dependent.Riva M., Kaellberg E., Bjoerk P., Hancz D., Vogl T., Roth J., Ivars F., Leanderson T.Immunology 137:172-182(2012)